Leviticus 19:17
17‘You shall not hate your brother in your heart.
You will surely rebuke your fellow citizen,
And you shall not bear sin because of him.
These stark words do not leave a lot of wiggle-room for the hatred of other people. It is forbidden. However, these words do provide two challenges to our way of thinking and interacting with others that might catch us off-guard.
A Radically Different Anthropology
First, in forbidding hatred here and commanding love in the next verse, God’s law for Israel presents the workings of the heart of man in a way that contradicts what we have been led to believe. In today’s American culture there is a tendency to view love and hate as emotions which do not have much to do with a person’s will. We are often told it is a virtue to “follow your heart,” and the sentiment means “follow your feelings instead of your thoughts.” However God commands Israel in Leviticus 19:17-18 to control their feelings. The implication is that a person’s will and intellect can and should subjugate his feelings. Hatred of one’s “brother,” a figure of speech for one’s fellowman or compatriot, is categorically forbidden. We are to control our inner-thought world, our heart, not allowing it to hate our brother. Where the culture around us would doubt man’s capability to have this self-control, the Bible insists we are capable by making it a responsibility.
Responsible to Provide Correction
The second challenge from verse 17 involves stepping out of ourselves to deliver a correction where needed. Adults tend to be individualistic and non-interventionist when it comes to the behaviors of others. We go out of our way not to engage people personally, much less to deal them the offense of a personal rebuke or correction. Very often I think we stop short of correcting others because we may feel a Matthew 7:1-4 desire not to bring about our own rebuke. “Don’t throw stones if you live in a glass house.” While the avoidance of self-righteousness and especially hypocrisy need to temper our understanding of the command to rebuke one’s fellow countryman, remember that Matthew 7:5 actually teaches us how to help someone who needs to be corrected. The problem is not in the needed act of confrontation but in the person who does it. We have to deal with our own issues before we can help someone else.
Indifference, Love and Self-Preservation
Another reason we may fall short in delivering needed reproof to those around us is bald, ugly indifference. If we don’t care for the blind, we won’t point out the ditch towards which they are headed. This indifference is the opposite of love, which will be commanded in the next verse. Surprisingly, though, love is not the first motivator for delivering a rebuke to your countryman. Not incurring sin on his behalf is the reason for saying something. How practical! How compelling! Think of the new recruits in basic training: they’re always “squaring each other away” to avoid the whole group getting into trouble with the Drill Instructor.

This command to correct your peer is actually geared towards self-preservation, which in turn will be used as the very standard by which one loves his neighbor in verse 18—“as yourself.”
The summary requirement in Leviticus 19:17 was that an Israelite not inwardly hate someone engaged in error, but rather he would outwardly engage that person with a word of needed correction—“you will indeed rebuke your fellow citizen.” In so doing the faithful Law-keeper would not bear guilt “by association” with the fellow countryman caught in sin.
How We Stack Up Today
How does this instruction taste on the ill-calibrated palate of our present-day culture of American “tolerance”? I think the first command—“do not hate your brother in your heart”—is generally received as “good.” Hate is bad, and “all you need is love.” However, we tend to paint with a broad brush what God reveals as pretty specific. In a politically-correct arena of discourse, not hating someone will be redefined as affirming every choice he makes. Leviticus 19:17 does not allow for that kind of absurd over-reach under the scant cover of “not hating your brother.” God charged Israel to reason this through. They were not to hate their brother in their heart, but they were to make a biblically-informed judgment about his behavior. I know it will seem like a fundamentalist cliché, but some who believe in the inspiration of the Bible have studied it closely: We really are to hate the sin but not the sinner.
No, today’s “tolerance” embraces everything but a real and vibrant Biblical faith and its consequent loving obedience to God’s commands. The “tolerant” will have nothing to do with a believer confronting a fellow citizen about sin. Today, saying that sin is sinful is “hate speech,” and “erotic liberty” is trumping “religious liberty” everywhere we turn. The upside-down world is: believers are increasingly regarded as immoral heretics of the humanist faith if we engage our peers on the basis of God’s self-disclosure in the Bible. It would seem that many think we are required to silently submit to being offended by the affirmation of wickedness as the new and only morality. We absolutely must not be allowed to “speak truth to (that) power.” Of course the violence of oppression has not yet risen to the level of physical force, generally speaking. I think history teaches us that it will. Notice how HR department policies and faculty ethics panels are putting truth-telling on the endangered species list of corporate and academic behaviors. Orwell’s vision of a world where you are not free to say “2 + 2 = 4” is upon us.
What do we do in light of Leviticus 19:17 and a hostile culture? “Prepare your minds for action” (1 Pet 1:13) and “[Speak] the truth in love” (Eph 4:15). First we need to distinguish the issues of loving and hating persons from the evaluation and approval or disapproval of behaviors. Many or most probably need to repent about hating persons from time to time when the real offense is from their practices. Then we need to be ready to speak the truth from an orientation to God’s grace, in self-awareness of where we have fallen short ourselves. We must be careful not to get angry when we vocalize our evaluation; we are not to impact others as though we were the sole arbiter of all truth. Let’s be inwardly and observably submissive to God because He is the authority. Let’s be winsome, calm, and honest. Let’s self-preserve as we seek the preservation of the other in the pattern of Leviticus 19:18.*
*Lev 19:18 Next Week





